The growth story
Census Annual Business Survey: Hispanic-owned employer firms grew 44% over 5 years vs ~11% for all firms. Including non-employer (sole proprietorship) businesses, total Hispanic-owned firms top 5 million.
States leading: Texas, California, Florida, New York, Arizona. Top industries: construction, food services, professional services, retail trade.
The financing gap
Federal Reserve SBCS shows Hispanic-owned firms apply for credit at similar rates to non-Hispanic but are approved for full requested amount 30% less often. Most of the gap is explained by smaller average firm size + younger firms; some reflects underwriting bias.